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Hurricane Anna (1961)
Hurricane Anna impacted Central America and the Windward Islands in July 1961. The first tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the hurricane season, Anna developed on July 20 from an easterly wave located in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Windward Islands. Initially a tropical storm, it moved westward across the Caribbean Sea. Favorable environmental conditions allowed Anna to reach hurricane intensity late on July 20. Early on the following day, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Intensification continued, and later on July 21, Anna became a major hurricane, upon reaching Category 3 intensity. After attaining peak intensity on July 22, the hurricane slightly weakened while brushing the northern coast of Honduras. Further weakening occurred; when Anna made landfall in landfall in Belize (then known as British Honduras) on July 24, winds decreased to 80 mph (130 km/h). Anna rapidly weakened over land and dissipated later that day.
As a developing tropical cyclone over the Leeward Islands, Anna produced strong winds over Grenada, though damage was limited to some crops, trees, and telephone poles. Other islands experienced gusty winds, but no damage. Passing just north of Venezuela, the hurricane produced strong winds over the country, peaking as high as 70 mph (115 km/h). Strong winds caused widespread damage in northern Honduras. Throughout the country, at least 36 homes were destroyed and 228 were damaged. Severe damage in the Gracias a Dios Department left hundreds of people homeless. Additionally, high winds toppled approximately 5,000 coconut trees. Overall, Anna caused a fatality and $300,000 in damage (1961 USD), primarily in Central America.
==Meteorological history==
The origins of Hurricane Anna were likely from an easterly wave located over Africa. On July 16, Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) imagery showed a cloud mass situated about west-southwest of the southernmost islands of Cape Verde. The existence of an easterly wave was not confirmed by United States Navy reconnaissance aircraft and ship reports until the following day, at which time the system was located over 445 miles (715 km) east of Antigua. Although no circulation existed while the wave approached the Windward Islands, significant amounts of deep convection was associated with the system and located near the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Early on July 20, ship reports indicated a developing circulation between Grenada and Trinidad; squalls on the former island produced wind gusts as strong as . According to HURDAT – the North Atlantic hurricane database – the system developed into Tropical Storm Anna at 0000 UTC on July 20, as confirmed by a reconnaissance aircraft flight.〔
Situated about east-northeast of Tobago with an initial wind speed of 40 mph (65 km/h), Anna immediately began to strengthen while moving slightly north of due west. The first advisory on Anna, issued at 1330 UTC on July 20, reported sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Later that day, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane after a reconnaissance aircraft reported hurricane force winds.〔 Anna then deepened more steadily, becoming a Category 2 hurricane early on July 21. Later that day, the storm became a major hurricane by 1800 UTC, after reaching Category 3 hurricane intensity. At 1200 UTC on July 22, Anna attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of . Early on July 23, Anna weakened to a Category 2 hurricane while beginning to brush the northern coast of Honduras. Weakening continued, and by early on July 24, the storm deteriorated to a Category 1 hurricane. Around 1200 UTC, Anna made landfall in a rural area of Stann Creek District, Belize with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Late on July 24, the system weakened to a tropical storm and then dissipated.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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